domestic, family, pet
stray
feral, wild
pedigree (esp. BrE), pure-bred (esp. AmE)
mongrel
lap, toy
The lady was kissing a little lap dog.

puppy (often figurative, esp. AmE)
He looked at me with puppy-dog eyes.

faithful, friendly
good, well-behaved, well-trained
bad
Bad dog! What are you doing there?

dangerous, fierce, savage, vicious
junkyard (AmE,figurative)
election lawyers who are mean as junkyard dogs

mad, rabid
mangy
show
Rex was a champion show dog.

working
bird (AmE), gun, hound (AmE), hunting
sled
guide, Seeing Eye dog™ (AmE)
The labrador is being trained to be a guide dog for the blind.

police
bomb-sniffing (AmE), cadaver (AmE), drug-sniffing (AmE), sniffer (esp. BrE), tracker
Sniffer dogs were used to find the drugs.

attack, fighting
guard
rescue
farm
top (often figurative)
The team wanted to prove that they were top dogs in the region.

pack

have, keep, own
The dog's owner was banned from keeping dogs for five years.

breed
These dogs were bred to hunt small animals.

train
He's trained his dog to sit on the back of his bike.

feed
take for a walk, walk
I'm just going to walk the dog.

pet (esp. AmE), stroke (esp. BrE)
neuter, spay (esp. AmE)
We didn't want puppies so we had the dog neutered.

worm
The stray dogs are wormed and treated with flea powder.

muzzle
destroy (esp. BrE), put down, put to sleep
A dog that bit a five-year-old child was later destroyed.
We recently had to put our dog to sleep.

bark, bay, howl, pant, whine
The dog barked loudly at the stranger.

growl, snarl
yap, yelp
The little dogs were yapping at my ankles.

run, scamper, walk
bound, leap
The dog bounded up to me and started licking my hand.

roam (sth), wander (sth)
Stray dogs roamed the streets at night.

attack sb/sth, go for sb/sth (BrE)
The dog went for him and bit him twice on the leg.

bite sb/sth, snap
maul sb/sth, savage sb/sth (esp. BrE)
lick
chew sth, chew sth up, gnaw sth, gnaw at sth
The dog chewed up one of my shoes.
A dog was gnawing at an old bone.

sniff
A dog was sniffing around my heels.

prick up its ears, wag its tail
scratch
The dog was scratching at the door to be let in.

foul sth (BrE)
Owners who allow their dogs to foul the footpath will be fined.

basket
biscuit, food
collar
lead (BrE), leash (esp. AmE)
dirt (BrE), excrement (formal), faeces/feces (formal), mess (BrE), poo, turd
breeder, handler, lover, owner, trainer, walker
catcher, warden
The dog warden rounds up stray dogs and takes them to the pound until claimed.

fight
pound
show
racing
track
Races have been held at this dog track for seventy years.

park (AmE)

Dog is used with these nouns as the subject:
injury