large, massive
small
long-term, short-term
high-interest, interest-free, low-interest, no-interest (AmE)
adjustable-rate (AmE), fixed-rate, variable-rate
guaranteed (AmE), secured, unsecured
As it was an unsecured loan, their property was not at risk.

home-equity (= in which your house is given as security for the money borrowed)
Fixed-rate home-equity loans can help cover the cost of a single large purchase.

outstanding
They used the inheritance to pay off their outstanding loan.

bad, non-performing
a banking system riddled with bad loans

business, consumer, personal
bank
bridge (AmE), bridging (BrE), temporary
home, mortgage
auto (AmE), car
student

apply for, ask for, request
arrange, get, obtain, raise (esp. BrE), take out
She had to take out a loan until she could sell her house.

give sb, grant sb, make sb, offer, provide
My bank offered to make me a loan.

receive
pay back, pay off, repay
guarantee, secure, underwrite
The banks will not agree to emergency funding unless the government will underwrite the loan.

consolidate
If you have several student loans, you can consolidate them into one lump sum.

total sth
loans totalling/totaling a million euros

application
agreement, arrangement (BrE), deal (BrE,sports)
the terms of the loan agreement with the bank
The striker comes to the Premiership on an 18-month loan deal from Roma.

interest, rate
guarantee
payment, repayment
They were struggling to meet their monthly loan repayments.

facility (esp. BrE)
The bank provides personal loan facilities at competitive rates.

period (esp. BrE)
The book must be returned by the end of the loan period.

officer (AmE)
a loan officer at a local mortgage company

shark
He ran up massive debts borrowing from loan sharks.

on loan (from)
The paintings are on loan from the Wallace Collection.

loan from
a loan from my brother

security for a loan
He had to use his house as security for the loan.

Loan is used with these nouns as the object:
money