considerable, dramatic, excellent, genuine, good, great, impressive, real, remarkable, significant, substantial, tremendous
We have made significant progress in the fight against HIV/AIDS.

limited, little
fast, rapid, swift
inexorable (esp. BrE)
slow, stately (esp. BrE)
We watched the ship's stately progress out of the docks.

adequate, satisfactory
incremental, steady
continued, further
forward
student
academic, educational
economic, evolutionary, industrial, medical, scientific, social, technical, technological
human
material
moral, spiritual

achieve, make
chart, follow, monitor, observe, trace, track, watch
Regular tests enable the teacher to monitor the progress of each child.

assess, check, check on, evaluate, gauge, measure, review
demonstrate, show
see
mark
block, hamper, hinder, impede, obstruct, slow, slow down
hold back
halt, stop
accelerate, facilitate

continue
slow, stall

report
note (= written by a doctor about a patient)

in progress
There was a tennis match in progress.

progress from … to …
The book traced his steady progress from petty theft to serious crime.

progress in
He's making good progress in reading.

progress on
How much progress have the builders made on the house?

progress towards/toward
Who can halt his inexorable progress towards/toward yet another championship?

progress with
She's making steady progress with her thesis.

a lack of progress
I was frustrated by my apparent lack of progress.

the march of progress
the onward march of technological progress

a rate of progress
At the present rate of progress we won't be finished before July.

work in progress
I have a file for work in progress.

nicely, satisfactorily, smoothly, well
The talks are progressing very well.

further
He felt he still needed to progress further in his learning.

fast, quickly, rapidly
to progress rapidly in your career

slowly
The work is progressing slowly.

gradually, steadily
normally

fail to

beyond
Samir failed to progress beyond this first step on the ladder.

from, through
Students progress through the stages of the course.

to
She soon progressed from the basics to more difficult work.

towards/toward
to progress towards/toward a new kind of art

up
his ambition to progress up the career ladder

with
They are anxious to progress with the plan.

Progress is used with these nouns as the subject:
afternoon, century, development, disease, evening, illness, morning, movie, night, pregnancy, relationship, story, war