deep
shallow, thin
fertile, good, rich
infertile, poor
light
heavy
loose
compacted
dry
damp, moist, waterlogged, wet
Keep the soil moist and fertilize weekly.

well-drained
acid, acidic
alkaline
contaminated
top (usually topsoil)
potting (AmE)
She bought a bag of potting soil.

chalky, clay, clayey, loam, loamy, peaty
Rich loamy soils produce the largest leeks.

rocky, sandy, stony
alluvial, desert, forest, garden, volcanic

cultivate, enrich, improve
dig, dig in, dig up, till, turn, work
fields of newly turned soil
The clay soils of the region are difficult to work.

fertilize
drain
loosen

conservation
degradation, erosion
conditions, fertility, quality
declining soil fertility

moisture
temperature
type
surface
sample
Soil samples taken from the site revealed massive amounts of radiation.

science, scientist

in (the) soil
The flowers do well in sandy soil.

native
foreign
American, British, etc.

set foot on
the place where she first set foot on Canadian soil

on … soil
protests over the siting of nuclear weapons on British soil

on home soil (sports, esp. BrE)
England's first defeat on home soil against Australia