railroad (AmE), railway (BrE)
metro, subway (AmE), tube (BrE), underground (esp. BrE)
intercity, long-distance
local, suburban
express, fast
direct, through
I got the through train to Manchester.

slow, stopping (BrE)
special
early, evening, midnight, morning, night, overnight
two o'clock, 10.45, etc.
rush-hour
outbound (AmE), return
What are the times of the return trains?

first, last, next
The last train leaves at 00.30.

Moscow to Beijing, etc.
the Paris to Brussels train

Denver-bound, etc.
northbound, southbound, etc.
inbound (AmE)
crowded, full
empty
moving
stationary
speeding
runaway
approaching, oncoming
the sound of an approaching train
He was pushed into the path of an oncoming train.

passing
the roar of a passing train

departing
She ran alongside the departing train, waving goodbye.

delayed, late-running
luxury, Pullman
four-car (AmE), four-coach (BrE), etc.
bullet, high-speed
diesel, electric, steam
elevated
coal, commuter, freight, goods, mail, passenger
transit
wagon
troop
model, toy
ghost (= at a funfair)

take, travel by
From Germany we'll travel by train to Poland.

ride (AmE), travel on
She travels on the same train as you.

use
catch, get, make
We had to get up early to make the 6 o'clock train for Richmond.

miss
wait for
run for
I was late and had to run for my train.

board, get on, hop on, jump aboard, jump on
We jumped on the train just as it was about to leave.

jump from, jump off, jump out of
She tried to kill herself by jumping off a moving train.

alight from (esp. BrE), exit (esp. AmE), get off, leave
meet, meet sb off
I'm going to the station to meet her off the train.

change
You'll have to change trains at Cambridge.

operate, run
The company plans to run trains on key intercity routes.

cancel
The 10.19 train has been cancelled/canceled.

drive
haul
a train hauled by a steam locomotive

stop
derail
fall under, throw sb under
Driven to despair, he threw himself under a train.

run
In summer the trains run as often as every ten minutes.

start
terminate
The train terminated in Baltimore.

be bound for …
an express train bound for Edinburgh

be due
The next train is due at 9.45.

be delayed, be held up, be late, run late
Most trains are running late because of the accident.

arrive, come in, come into sth, draw in, draw into sth, pull in, pull into sth
The next train to arrive at Platform 2 is the 12.30 from Leeds. (BrE)
The 15.18 Amtrak train to Chicago will be arriving on track 3. (AmE)
The train came in and I got on.
The train drew into the station.

come, go
We didn't want to leave the platform in case the train came.

reach
The train reached Tokyo at half past six.

return
depart, draw out (of sth), leave, pull away, pull out (of sth), start, start off
The train pulled out of the station.

head …
The train headed out of Mumbai.

stand (BrE), wait
The train now standing at Platform 3 is the 16.50 to Brighton.
a train waiting at a signal

move
Slowly the train began to move.

travel
The high-speed train travels at 120 mph.

chug, roll, trundle (esp. BrE)
The train chugged slowly forward.

gather speed
hurtle, rush, speed, steam (esp. BrE)
a picture of the bullet train speeding past Mount Fuji

slow, slow down
brake
be brought to a halt, come to a halt, halt, stop
rattle, rumble, thunder, whistle
The train rattled into the station.

jerk, jolt, lurch, shudder
The train jolted into motion.

approach
pass
enter sth
The train entered the tunnel.

collide (with sth), crash, hit sb/sth
derail
be loaded with sth, carry sth

journey (esp. BrE), ride, trip
service
system
traffic
station
stop
platform
route
schedule (AmE), times, timetable (BrE)
fare
ticket
conductor, crew, driver, engineer, guard (BrE), staff
travel, travellers/travelers, travelling/traveling
accident, collision, crash, disaster, wreck (esp. AmE)
derailment
bombing
window
car (esp. AmE), carriage
compartment
whistle
depot, shed, yard
line, track
robber, robbery
set
I saved up to buy an electric train set.

aboard a/the train, on a/the train, on board a/the train
the people on the train

by train
It's quicker by train.

train between
trains between Cape Town and Pretoria

train for, train to
He was leaving on the early train for Zaragoza.

train from
the train from Toronto to Calgary

a train to catch
I can't stop now, I have a train to catch.

camel, mule, wagon
supply

set sth in
That telephone call set in train a whole series of events.

bring sth in (figurative)
Unemployment brings greater difficulties in its train (= causes great difficulties).

break, interrupt
A knock on the door interrupted his train of thought.

lose
I lose my train of thought when there are distractions.

a train of events (esp. BrE)
an initial omission which set in motion a train of events leading to the crime

a train of thought
The telephone rang and she lost her train of thought.

in sb's train (figurative)
In the train of (= following behind) the rich and famous came the journalists.